Giak Tutorial

Lesson VI

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[Exercises] [Answers]

Goals

To learn:

Vocabulary

TemporalMisc.
Rannad \'ran-nad\ (adv)
Past Tense
Rogag \'ro-gag\ (adv)
Future Tense

Dajdok \'daj-däk\ (n)
Moon
Eguk \'e-guk\ (n)
Day
Ekar \'e-kär\ (v)
Begin, Start
Ekko \'ek-kä\ (n)
Time
Gadajok \'gad-a-,jäk\ (n)
Sun
Nadul \'nad-ul\ (n)
Night
Nug \'nug\ (adv)
Before
Koga \'ko-ga\ (v)
Stop, Halt
Zoz \'zoz\ (v)
End
Zugguz \'zug-guz\ (n)
Dawn
Aduz \'a-duz\ (n)
Circle
Agoz \'a-gäz\ (v)
Jump
Amaz \'a-maz\ (n)
Wolf
Dargag \'där-gag\ (n)
Attack
Dig \'dig\ (v)
Bite
Dikoz \'di-käz\ (v)
Fly
Dog \'dog\ (v)
Steal
Dogez \'dog-ez\ (adj)
Coming
Duga \'du-ga\ (n)
Wind
Dug-Dug \'dug 'dug\ (n)
Belly
Duza \'du-za\ (n)
Blow
Edak \'e-dak\ (n)
Bucket
Edaz \'e-daz\ (n)
Map
Egor \'e-gor\ (adj)
Stupid
Ekug \'e-kug\ (n)
Punishment
Enoza \'e-nä-,za\ (adj)
Special
Ezar \'e-zär\ (v)
Climb
Ezog \'e-zäg\ (n)
Sickness, Disease,
Illness
Gan \'gan\ (v)
Threaten
Ganiak \'gan-i-,ak\ (n/adj)
Anger/Angry
Gudnak \'gud-nak\ (n)
Battle
Guk \'guk\ (n)
Arm
Hag \'hag\ (n)
Claw
Hagag \'hag-ag\ (v)
Claw
Hak \'hak\ (n)
Body
Hegez \'he-gez\ (adj)
Berserk, Crazy
Hoki \'ho-ki\ (n)
Joy, Pleasure
Ika \'i-ka\ (v)
Bend
Jantok \'jan-täk\ (v)
Dance
Jegka \'jeg-ka\ (v)
Cheer
Jokog \'jo-käg\ (v)
Hold
Kluz \'kluz\ (v)
Ride
Naka \'na-ka\ (adj)
Going
Nogjat \'nog-jat\ (n)
Head
Rugga \'rug-ga\ (n)
Courage
Shegtar \'sheg-tär\ (n)
Dwarf
Tuz \'tuz\ (v)
Fear
Zutag \'zu-tag\ (n)
Hurt, Pain

Past and Future Tenses

The use of past and future tenses is rather simple. The words 'rannad' and 'rogag' take care of it all; they are adverbs used to modify a verb that signify past and future tense respectively. For example:

In Lesson IV, it was mentioned that 'dar'--the word for 'if'--is normally used with the future tense. We are now prepared to use this word correctly. The part of the sentence that contains the conditional idea, known as the protasis, is in any of the past, present or future tenses. The apodosis, or conclusion, of the sentence is almost always in the future tense.

Here is a good example of a sentence where the apodosis is not in the future tense:

Infinitive Tense

The Giak infinitive tense is amazingly similar to that for English. You simply add the word 'eg' before the verb.

Keep in mind that infinitive verbs often have objects. Both examples above show the infinitive having an object. This object immediately follows the infinitive and its modifiers.

Imperative Mood

The imperative is recognized in two ways: from the lack of a explicit subject or from the context of the sentece. If there is no explicit subject in a sentece, then an implicit 'thou' or 'you' is understood.

Other sentences must be understood from the context.

If neccessary, you can make it more explicit:

This, however, is not a true example of the imperative mood.

[Exercises]